液氣壓懸吊發展及其技術

車輛懸吊決定了底盤性能和舒適性，隨著科技的進步和人們對行車舒適性要求的提高，懸吊系統也經歷不斷的演進。汽車發展初期所使用的是剛性懸吊，但在不平坦的路面上會產生很大的顛簸，對艙內人員、貨物產生很多負面影響，同時也降低了車輛的耐用性。因此人們開始使用避震懸吊，即在車輪和車身之間加裝金屬、橡膠等材質的彈簧，這種懸吊方式能夠吸收震動，使行駛更加平穩，並讓長途、高速的運輸成為可能。隨著長途運輸、載重量提升等需求，承重量、調整性更高的空氣彈簧懸吊隨之產生，其可以透過空氣壓力來調節懸吊高度和硬度，以配合車輛不同載重、配重時的需求，底盤性能也隨之提升。現在氣壓懸吊系統不斷地發展，已經具備如懸吊高度調整、懸吊軟硬調整、主動防傾等功能。本文將先介紹懸吊系統的目的、數學模型，再進一步介紹空氣彈簧懸吊系統中，一種常被重型車輛常採用之液氣壓懸吊（Hydropneumatic suspension）。

關鍵字

重型車輛；液氣壓懸吊；空氣彈簧

並列摘要

Vehicle suspension is an important component that determines chassis performance and comfort. With advances in technology and increasing demand for driving comfort, suspension systems have undergone continuous development and evolution. With the increasing demand for long-distance transportation and heavier loads, air spring suspension with higher load capacity and adjustability has also emerged. Air spring can adjust suspension height and hardness through air pressure to meet the requirements of vehicles with different loads, and improve driving comfort. The development of air suspension systems has now evolved to incorporate various advanced functions, such as suspension height adjustment, suspension hardness adjustment, and active anti-roll, among others. This article will first introduce the purpose and mathematical model of suspension systems, and then further introduce one of the main designs used in heavy-duty vehicles in air spring suspension systems, the hydropneumatic suspension, and its design concepts.