- 期刊
重構「二戰」語境下的中國軍事譯員教育培訓
Reconstructing Chinese Military Interpreter Training during the Second World War: A Cultural-Historical Perspective
摘要
全面抗日戰爭時期的中國戰場是第二次世界大戰暨世界反法西斯戰爭中不可或缺的「東方主戰場」。抗戰時期由國民政府主導的軍事譯員訓練班是一項旨在配合援華盟軍對日作戰的創舉，亦是抗戰時期中國翻譯教育的一個縮影。1941至1945年間國民政府軍委會在昆明和重慶等地通過徵調或招考，陸續培養了四千餘名英語譯員。他們大多是來自各高等院校的大學生或是英語較好的公職人員，通過兩至三個月不等的軍事英語和通譯業務培訓後，分配至中緬印戰區的美軍機關和戰爭前線任「翻譯官」，為抗戰勝利做出過不可磨滅的貢獻。本文以國民政府軍事譯員訓練班為研究對象，通過梳理戰時譯員教育的創辦與培養歷程，旨在回溯抗戰時期中國翻譯教育發展的歷史經緯，探析影響戰爭中語言教育的深層次社會文化因素，力求為譯學界重讀二十世紀中國翻譯教育史上的特殊一頁，提供一些可供鑒取的歷史經驗與文化哲思。
並列摘要
This article re-contextualizes the historical developments of Chinese military interpreter training during the Second World War. Through the study of the Kunming- and Chongqing-based interpreting officer training programs in the 1940s, the entire training scheme is divided into three phases. Discussions of each phase revolve around key strands of education, including enrollment, curriculum, training methods, and faculty composition. It is argued that, despite some deficiencies, the wartime training practices actually marked the first developmental phase in translation and interpreting training in China in the twentieth century. They comprised large-scale curriculum-based institutional training practices, which, as a feature of twentieth-century Chinese translation history and education, merit further research. The program structure and curriculum design discussed in the article are of relevance to translation and interpreting education today, thus contributing to the understanding of interpreter/translator training and interpreting/translating during the second Sino-Japanese war.