本文通過星雲大師對《心經》與《金剛經》的現代詮釋著作,探討般若智慧在人間佛教的重要意義。星雲大師倡導「人間佛教」,弘傳適應現代人需要的佛法,以通俗易解的方式講說法義,這種大眾能解能行的教說非即淺層世俗善法,大師強調般若智慧為其根據,能與般若結合的修行始相應於真實「佛法」。星雲大師指導般若智慧的淺深差別內涵,可用「緣起性空」概括其意旨。凡夫的智慧,信解因果道理,了知世間有善有惡、有因有果;二乘的智慧,能觀照緣起法則,了知萬法皆因緣所成,較利根者可藉因緣解析而領悟到空義;菩薩的空性智慧,不破有而見空,了悟空有不二的畢竟空義,以出世心行入世事業;最後,空性智慧的圓滿即是佛陀的「般若」。運用深入淺出的現代詮釋,引領行者由淺入深進入般若堂奧。星雲大師並將般若空義、佛性思想與禪宗心性思想進行融通,空性的體證是開顯佛性、清淨心的關鑰。大乘般若空慧是全然無執的精神境界,由「真空」以顯「妙有」,無量無邊的智慧作用使具足一切功德的佛智全體豁顯。星雲大師提點行者,人人本來圓具智慧潛能,透過人間的佛法實踐,發揮般若的覺照力量,獲致身心的自在安樂,不疲厭地在生死世間完成自覺利他的菩薩道修行。
In this article, the important meaning of Prajñā in Humanistic Buddhism is discussed through the reading of Venerable Hsing Yun's Writings on the Heart Sūtra and Diamond Sūtra. Venerable Hsing Yun promotes "humanistic Buddhism" and develops a style of Buddhist practice suitable for modern life. He explains Buddha-Dharma in clear and plain language for the common people to understand, but this does not mean his teachings simply belong to the level of worldly good deeds. He emphasizes the Prajñā as the foundation of practice, for the practice corresponds to real "Buddha-dharma." The Venerable teaches Prajñā from the superficial level to the profound level, and the meaning of all these levels could be summarized in terms of "dependent origination and the emptiness of nature." The wisdom of common people is to understand the cause and effect, good deeds and bad deeds. The wisdom of the two vehicles is to view the law of dependent origination, and realize that everything is produced by various conditions. The wisdom of emptiness possessed by bodhisattvas is to realize the non-duality between emptiness and phenomena, to see the emptiness without breaking the phenomenon, and to help establish the ability to practice in the world with the heart of renunciation. At last, the perfection of the wisdom of emptiness is the "Prajñā" of the Buddha. The Venerable also integrates the theory of Prajñā-emptiness, the thought of Buddha-nature and the theory of mind of the Meditation School by expounding the realization of emptiness is the key to reveal the Buddha-nature, the pure mind. The Prajñā of Mahāyāna Buddhism is a kind of spiritual state that is totally non-grasping, where the "marvelous phenomena" are revealed through the "real emptiness." The wisdom of the Buddha provided with all merits is completely manifested by the function of endless wisdom. The Venerable points out that everyone is endowed with the potentiality of perfect wisdom, and should make full use of the power of Prajñā through the humanistic Buddhist practice to gain the freedom and peace of mind and body, so as to carry out fatiguelessly the path of bodhisattva pursuing the advantages of self and others in the world of samsara.