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學問何分漢宋：唐仲冕的經術文章
The Separation and Unification of Han and Song: Tang Zhongmian's Stereotyped Writings on Confucian Classics
摘要
本文旨在透過對唐仲冕著作的細讀，以理解其學術旨趣，並藉以思考清中葉以經術文章闡發學術識見的文人群體，在當時學壇應有的地位。以為後代學者過度依賴前輩「篩選」後的學術史論述作為對前代學術的認識前提，導致對前人如何表現學問的認知產生偏差，使廣泛的文人群體應有的學術地位，以及在學術史應有的意義，黯然不彰。所以在文中特別強調文人藉詩文表達學術見解的特性，以為應對文人的詩文著作，做深入發掘，以展開更宏大的學術畫卷。同時，如何使所撰經義既能扣緊經典，又能具有個人特色，是一個藉制藝文章闡發蘊藏於經典中的聖人之道，以進入科場的科舉文人，所必須具有的能力。在此前提之下，古典經疏、史傳文獻、宋人性道之說，乃至漢學家的治經方法，都能在陶山表述具有個人見解之經說的前提下，為其熟練的應用。陶山對《竹書紀年》雖偽而有寄託的見解，對〈堯典〉「納于大麓」乃舜奠山行水的闡述，既能扣緊文獻，又有獨到之見，即其顯例。當然，不論從唐仲冕學問的養成，或者他對藉以表現學問的舉業文章之親近，陶山的學術價值觀，仍是宋儒尊經合道、明體達用的學術系統，此又其預於漢學之流，而深心之中所堅持者。
並列摘要
This paper focuses on the academic thoughts of Tang Zhongmian, a scholar and literatus in the Qing dynasty, and the academic status of the literati group he stands for. They elucidated their thoughts through stereotyped writings during the mid-Qing dynasty on Confucian classics, which has long been underestimated because of the later generations' over-reliance on academic history materials that were filtered by their predecessors. This paper, therefore, emphasizes the combination of literary expression and Confucian classics, and believes that a more grandiose academic picture can be drawn through an in-depth study of the literary works of the men of letters. At the same time, it is a necessary skill for a literatus who wanted to succeed in the imperial examination to be able to write eightlegged essays that are not only tight-knitted around the classics but also showing personal characteristics. Thus, Tang, as a typical literatus who devoted himself to Confucian classics, excelled in presenting his own academic thoughts in his own fashion by means of classical commentaries and subcommentaries, historical records and documents, the Song-dynasty concepts of xing and dao, and even the Han School's ways of treating the classics. All in all, Tang's academic approach belongs to the Song's system of zunjing hedao (venerating classics and conforming with Dao) and mingti dayong (understanding the system or meaning of Dao and practising it in daily life), which embodies the methods of the Han School and stays true to his heart.