西周金文所體現的宗法關係及貴族家庭分化

Patriarchal Systems and Sublineages as Reflected in Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions

段陶(DUAN Tao)

《饒宗頤國學院院刊》 8期 (2021/09) Pp. 47-77

摘要

西周貴族氏族的延續、分化及演變方式是影響西周政治結構的最重要的因素。對於西周宗族研究而言，銘文中體現的家族信息與人物關係是整理家族譜系時最重要的材料。本文以畿內貴族為例，仔細分析了銘文體現的家族結構、賜予小宗新采邑的意義、貴族家族中宗子與支子的關係、非宗子在祭祀與政府中的活動，在前人研究的基礎上進一步分析對貴族家庭分化的方式，並探討西周晚期宗法制度的新變化。

關鍵字

西周 ； 金文 ； 宗子 ； 宗法

並列摘要

The succession, subdivision, and evolution of the noble lineages were the most important factors that influenced the political structure of the Western Zhou dynasty (1046-771 BCE). The family structures and personal relationships embodied in inscriptions are the most important materials for organizing family genealogies in the study of noble lineages of the Western Zhou. This paper takes the example of several noble families in the royal domains, analyzes in detail the family structure being reflected in bronze inscriptions, the significance of granting new land to sublineages, the relationship between the patriarchs and their branches, and the activities of non-lineage heads in family rituals. It explores new changes in the patriarchal system occurred in the late Western Zhou.

並列關鍵字

Western Zhou ； bronze inscriptions ； patriarchal system ； noble lineages