- 期刊
- OpenAccess
神遊香境：曾文溪下游遶境的村廟交陪網絡空間分析
A Spatial and Social Network Analysis of Religious Processions in the Lower Reaches of Zengwen River
摘要
民俗信仰活動的「遶境」，有著象徵神明保境安民、驅逐邪祟、消災祈福的意義。遶境的「境」代表神明靈力所及之範圍；當遶境擴及不同的祭祀圈，代表「交陪境」形成，也界定了境眾認同的信仰空間。觀察與分析遶境路線以及參與其中的村廟交陪網絡，乃是理解傳統社區與民間信仰中信徒的空間觀念、如何區別他我、建構人際關係的重要線索。本文透過開發一個紀錄遶境路徑與民間信仰機構（村廟）的地理資訊系統（geographic information system, GIS），以曾文溪下游的西港仔刈香與土城仔香為例，試圖從1964年之後歷次繞境的空間資訊與交陪紀錄，分析廟際網絡的合作與競爭關係，同時結合社區的發展，對地域性的民間信仰組織的發展進行歷時性的動態觀察。本平臺的建置以「遶境路徑」和「村廟」為基本單位，根據歷次遶境活動主事者公布的「路關表」，在地圖上標記出每次遶境的核心村廟、隊伍經過參香的村廟，以及參與的隊伍及其型態。最後，以動態方式呈現各村廟節點在路徑中的先後順序，並以疊圖比較不同遶境活動的路徑或版圖變化。在交陪網絡的量化分析方面，我們也在社會網絡分析（social network analysis）的基礎上，試圖在GIS平臺上展示各村廟之間「友誼」或「競爭」的勢力變化，協助研究人員透過空間性的視覺化介面觀察到可能具有研究意義的趨勢。
並列摘要
The processions of folk religion in Taiwan carry the symbolic significance of protecting the land and people, driving away evil spirits, and praying for blessings. Translating literally to "Territory," the term keng (境) represents the scope of divine power. The processions create a link among many temples across multiple religious spheres, forming what we could call an "alliance territory (kaupuêkeng)," as well as defining the spatial scope of worship recognized by the community. Observing and analyzing the procession routes and the participating network of temples provides a valuable method of understanding the spatial and social concepts of traditional communities and folk beliefs. This deeper understanding also provides insight into how factions are formed and how communities construct relationships. This research attempts to conduct a geographical study of the development of regional folk religious organizations by developing a geographic information system (GIS) that records ordered lists of folk religious institutions visited during the procession and lists of march participants. In particular, the study focuses on analyzing the two renowned examples of the Koah-hiun (刈香) festivals in Tainan: processions in Saikang-a hiu (西港香) and Tho-sian-a hiu (土城香) after 1964. By quantifying the spatial information and network records of the temples' procession routes over time, the article examines evolution of the cooperation and competition among the temples' networks, as well as the development of the communities with a diachronic approach. The establishment of this informational platform is based on the "procession path" and "communal temple" as the basic units. According to the tables that record the procession routes and points of visit, published by the main organizers of the procession activities, the platform marks the main temples, the temples that the procession passes by, and the march-participating temples and their parade unit types on the map. Finally, the platform makes use of animation to present the order of each village temple node in the path and compares the changes in the paths or territories of different procession activities through overlapping routes. In terms of quantitative analysis of the temple network, the platform uses statistical methods to display the changes in "friendship" or "competition" between the village temples on the GIS platform. This assists researchers in observing trends that may have research significance through spatial visualization interfaces.