- 期刊
從太平洋戰爭日本捷二號作戰計畫省思
A Reflecting on Defensive Operations in Taiwan and PengHu-Through Perspective of Japanese Campaign Plan「Sho-Go 2」during Pacific War.
摘要
一、1944年6月美軍登陸塞班島，正式爆發「菲律賓海海戰」，接續占領馬里亞納群島，突破日本所謂「絕對國防圈」，日本為極力保持現有戰略態勢，訂定「爾後作戰指導要領」，稱為「捷號作戰」。二、美軍為擊敗日本將攻擊目標指向臺灣或菲律賓兩方面，以切斷日本本土與南方資源地帶及各島嶼要地海上交通線，進而攻佔日本。三、日本針對美軍威脅，將下一階段美軍可能攻擊方向，依序定為捷一號（菲律賓）、捷二號（臺灣、琉球群島）、捷三號（日本本土）、捷四號（北海道、千島群島）。敵若來攻時首重航空決戰，並由各計畫區相互支援，捕捉戰機與其決戰並擊破之。四、捷二號作戰指導為以航空決戰為核心，陸、海軍航空戰力澈底集中、機動運用，海軍艦艇伺機對敵殘存航母特遣艦隊及登陸船團實施截擊攻擊。陸上作戰講求灘岸陣地至最後防禦陣地，設計具有縱深之陣地防禦方式，及海上機動反擊作戰。另為弭補美日戰力差距，採用海上、陸上、航空各特攻戰法，以達到作戰目的。五、從日軍捷二號作戰計畫中，可以令我們去思考目前臺澎防衛作戰中制空權、灘岸決戰及跨區增援等作戰是否有精進空間，來提供國軍參考改進。
並列摘要
1. The Battle of Philippine Sea was formally erupted after the U.S. forces landing on Saipan island in June 1944. Following by the occupation of Marianas islands, the U.S. forces had broken through the so called Japanese inner defense circle. In order to try its utmost efforts to maintain current strategic situation, Japan issued the「Subsequent Operation Instructive Guidelines」 which was called「Campaign Plan Sho-Go」. 2. For the purpose of defeating and occupying Japan, U.S. forces targeted on Taiwan or Philippines to cut off the sea lines of communication between southern resources areas, critical islands and homeland of Japan. 3. In responding to the threat from U.S. forces, Japan assumed that the possible attacking directions for next stage and issued campaign plans in the sequence of「Sho-Go」(Philippines),「Sho-Go 2」(Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands),「Sho-Go 3」 (Homeland of Japan),「Sho-Go 4」(Hokkaido, Kuril Islands). The air decisive battle would be the highest priority when U.S. forces attacked, and all Japanese forces within these campaign plan areas should not only support each other but grasp attacking chances to defeat U.S. forces. 4. The central core of Campaign Plan「Sho-Go 2」is air deceive battle. All aerial forces from army and navy should be exerted with emphases of concentration and mobility. Naval warships wait for a favorable moment to attack the survived U.S. aircraft carrier task fleets and landing convoy by means of interception and mobile counterattack operation. Land operations stress from positions over the shore to final defending positions, and design defensive measures for positions with depth. In addition, adopt surface, land and air special operations to reduce the asymmetry of capability between U.S. and Japanese forces so as to achieve operational purpose. 5. From perspective of the Japanese Campaign Plan「Sho-Go 2」 ,We can consider whether there are spaces for better improvements among operations of the command of the air, decisive battle over the shore, cross-theater reinforcement in the current defense of Taiwan and PengHu, and provide our armed forces references to improve.