- 期刊
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東方蜂（Apis cerana）和西方蜂（Apis mellifera）在李花上授粉生態比較
Pollination Ecology of Apis cerana Fab. and Apis mellifera L. on Plum
摘要
本試驗於種有桃接李與加州李各約0.5 ha之果園內，放置2箱東方蜂（Apis cerana）和5箱西方蜂（A. mellifera），進行兩種蜜蜂在李樹開花期間之授粉生態調查。李花期有21天，始花後第7-12天，每枝條上平均有6朵花以上，授粉用蜜蜂應於第5-6天移入果園內。東方蜂訪李花高峰為上午9至11時，西方蜂則為11至13時，該訪花時段亦為兩種蜜蜂一天中採集李花粉最多時段。西方蜂在李樹上之數量，以距離蜂箱50 m以內者最多，距巢越遠而逐漸減少，但果園周圍高莖作物形成圍牆效應，使距蜂群150 m李樹上蜜蜂數與50 m處者相近。東方蜂在李樹上之數量則不受蜂群距離影響。李樹開花期間，東方蜂採集其他植物花粉粒數量是李樹之13.5倍，西方蜂採集李花粉粒數量則為其他植物之2.6倍。桃接李花經套袋不授粉後，採收果數是原花量之8%，不套袋者採收果數是原花量之13%；加州李則分別為0%與5%。
並列摘要
This experiment was conducted in a plum orchard in which half-and-half peach root-stocked plums and California plums are cultivated. Two colonies of Apis cerana and five colonies of Apis mellifera were moved in before flowering to investigate the pollinating ecology of the two pollinator species. The plum blooming period was 21 d, and there were more than six flowers per twig from the 7th to 12nd days after blooming. The pollination activity of A. cerana on plums peaked between 0900 and 1100 h, while that of A. mellifera peaked between 1100 and 1300 h, coinciding with the time period of daytime gathering of maximal amount of plum pollen for both species. The number of foraging bees on blooming plums decreased with increasing distance from plums to the beehive. However, the high-stem planting surrounding the orchard created a wall effect that resulted in similar number of foragers on plums 50 and 150 m from the beehive. During the plum blooming period, the total number of non-plum pollen pellets gathered by A. cerana has a 13.5-fold increase compared with that of plum pollen pellets. But the number of plum pollen pellets gathered by A. mellifera was 2.6 fold higher than the number of non-plum pollen pellets. The final fruit sets were 8% and 13% of the initial number of flowers for bagged and non -bagged twigs, respectively, for peach root-stocked plums, and were 0% and 5%, respectively, for California plums.