- 期刊
如何反映台灣農村永續程度？以社區資本探討「永續」存量的指標建構與結構特徵
What is sustainability and how to measure it in rural Taiwan? Constructing sustainability indices and investigating the latent structure based on the Community Capitals Framework
摘要
長期以來，由於農村人口外流、公共建設不足以及全球經貿自由化等影響，不論是環境、經濟、社會等方面皆構成台灣農村在維持和落實永續性的威脅。然而，目前相關農村永續性之研究較無精準界定「永續發展」和「永續性」的差異，抑或大多非針對農村地區測量永續存量所制定的指標，又或僅針對特定型態農村所建置，遂本研究欲透過建構農村永續存量指標，以衡量並了解台灣農村的永續性現況。本研究援用「社區資本框架理論」作為理論架構，探討台灣農村永續存量之潛在結構，以及不同結構間關連之樣態。分析資料來自中央研究院執行「台灣農村社會文化調查計畫」之「分項計畫一：農村人口、社會與經濟調查計畫」第一期第一次（2019年）和第二次（2021年）調查資料，總樣本為2528個農村居民。本分析透過理論內容先對32題因素題項進行探索，以建立「台灣農村永續存量指標之量表」，接著運用驗證性因素分析和結構方程模型觀察七個社區資本：「自然資本」、「文化資本」、「人力資本」、「社會資本」、「政治資本」、「經濟資本」、「建設資本」之間的關聯性。研究發現，大部分的社區資本為正向相關，並且「社會資本」和其他社區資本存在高程度的共變，代表著「社會資本」是農村永續存量的重要樞紐。另外，「文化資本」和「政治資本」、「建設資本」和「經濟和人力資本」皆為正向顯著相關，表示農村的人力、經濟、文化資本存量和公共建設的擴充之間存在緊密的關係。
並列摘要
As rural areas have been facing threats in terms of environmental, economic, and social aspects, such as population loss, insufficient infrastructure, as well as liberalization of global trade, it is a challenging task to maintain and implement rural sustainability in Taiwan. Previous studies on rural sustainability, however, have been careless in defining the difference between "sustainable development" and "sustainability", or short of rigorous indicators and insufficient data on rural communities, partially due to absence of sustainability indicators focusing on rural areas. Therefore, this study aims to measure and investigate the sustainability status of rural Taiwan through creating stock indicators of sustainability. Relying on the Community Capitals Framework as the theoretical basis, the current study intends to answer such questions as: What are the latent structures of sustainability in rural Taiwan? Whether and how are such latent dimensions correlated? We draw data from the first- (2019) and second- (2021) wave of the General Questionnaire Surveys from a research project, "A Social and Cultural Survey of Rural Taiwan", which contains 2,528 survey respondents. The first step creates rural sustainability indices through 32 factor items. We then follow with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a structural equation model (SEM) to examine the associations among natural capital, cultural capital, human capital, social capital, political capital, economic capital, and build capital. The findings confirmed several significantly positive correlations among them. Social capital, in particular, exerted positive covariances with other community capitals, indicating that social capital plays an important role that links up different dimensions of rural assets. In addition, cultural capital and political capital, as well as build capital and economic and human capital, are positively and significantly correlated, suggesting a close relationship between human, economic, and cultural resources and the buildup of rural facilities.