說謊與認知彈性：幼兒頭腦靈活有助說謊？

Deception and Cognitive Flexibility: Does Being Smart Help Young Children Lying?

莊胡祖德(Tsu-Te CHUANG HU) ； 邱淑惠(Shuhui CHIU)

《教育學報》 51卷2期 (2023/12) Pp. 187-205

摘要

本研究的主要目的是探討幼兒說謊行為（包括：說謊與否、圓謊能力高低）與認知彈性的關聯。本文屬準實驗研究，以撲克牌遊戲情境觀察幼兒是否說謊，將幼兒圓謊的解釋分類為合理與否，並以NEPSY-II評量幼兒的認知彈性。本研究以便利取樣徵募台灣中部地區五所私立幼兒園91位5-6歲幼兒參與，包含男生46人、女生45人。研究發現：（1）性別與幼兒是否說謊、圓謊的合理與否，以及認知彈性無顯著關聯；認知彈性在5-6歲的1年間有顯著成長，年齡愈大，認知彈性的反應速度愈快；（2）控制年齡變項後，幼兒是否說謊與認知彈性無關，認知彈性主要與圓謊解釋的合理與否有關，認知彈性反應速度愈快的幼兒，說謊後愈能合理維護謊言。本研究的貢獻在於區分說謊行為成兩個向度，且發現幼兒是否自發性的說謊與其認知彈性無關，僅圓謊能力與認知彈性有關。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 說謊 ； 認知彈性

並列摘要

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between childrens lying behaviors and cognitive flexibility. It applied a quasi-experimental approach, observing whether children lie or not in a poker game experimental context. The childrens explanations for covering their lies were classified as reasonable or not. The modified NEPSY-II was used to measure the childrens cognitive flexibility. A total of 91 children aged 5-6 years, including 46 boys and 45 girls, enrolled in five private kindergartens in central Taiwan were recruited. Findings indicated that: (a) gender was not significantly related to childrens decision to tell lies or not and to the rationale for covering their lies; young childrens cognitive flexibility improved with age even within one year; (b) whether children lie or not was unrelated to their cognitive flexibility, and cognitive flexibility was mainly related to the reasonableness of their explanations. Children who could reasonably defend their lies displayed better cognitive flexibility. Findings support that it is important to examine childrens lying behaviors through two dimensions: whether children lie spontaneously or not and how they defend their lies.

並列關鍵字

preschoolers ； lying ； cognitive flexibility

參考文獻

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