- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Distribution of the Freshwater Fishes of Taiwan
臺灣淡水魚的分佈
摘要
Fifty seven native primary species were selected to estimate the faunal diversity of freshwater fishes of Taiwan. The community similarities among the 14 main rivers of Taiwan were also discussed. Ten distributional types and their origins were recognized and discussed in this paper. All of the freshwater species were dispersed to Taiwan from two different directions when this island was connected to the Asian continent during the middle and late Pleistocene era. According to the distribution of freshwater fishes, the island of Taiwan can be divided into three zoogeographical districts: (I) The Eastern District inlcudes the Pi-nan River, the Hsiu-ku-luan River, the Hwa-lean and the Lee-wu River. Hemimyzon taitungensis is the single typical endemic species in this district. (II) The southern District includes the Tseng-wen River and the Kao-ping River. The typical species here is Gobiobotia intermedia. (III) The North Central District includes all of the rivers located at the western side of Central Mountain Range but north of the Cho-shui River. This District can be divided into two sub-districts by the Miao-li Plateau: (1). the Northern sub-district includes the Lan-yang River, the Tam-shui River, the Tou-chien River and the Ho-long River. There are (at least) ten typical species in this sub-district, namely: Distoechodon compressus, Sinibrama macrops, Rasborinus formosanae, Pseudobagrus aurantiacus, P. tenuis, Leiobagrus reini, Macrognathus aculeatum, M. kobayashii, Leiocassis truncatus and Abbotina brevirostris. (2). the Cental West sub-district includes the Ta-an River, the Ta-chia River, the Ta-du River and the Cho-shui River, and appears to be the convergent area between the northern and the southern districts. Seven typical species occur in this area, i. e., Oncorhynchus masou formosanum, Leiocassis brevianalis, L. crassilabris, Leiobagrus nantoeensis, L. formosanus, Gobiobotia cheni and Parasbora moltrechtii.
並列摘要
本文係以台灣産之57種初級性淡水魚，探討淡水魚類的分佈情形。利用相似度的分析，討論本省十四條河川間的魚類相關程度，再輔以台灣地質史的資料，以解釋本省淡水魚類的起源和分佈現象。在更新世以前，台灣是大陸的一部份。直到更新世中期以後，台灣島和亞洲大陸曾有數次的分離和再相連的時期，其間有“台灣堆”的陸橋相連，在不同的時期，魚類沿著南北兩側的水系，分布到台灣島上。島上又因中央山脈不斷的隆起，使得各河川逐漸獨立出海，加上各河川的地理環境互異，魚類的分佈有明顯的區域性。根據淡水魚類分佈的情形，可以將台灣島分爲三個動物地理區：（一）東部地區：包括中央山脈以東之卑南、秀姑鑾、花蓮和立霧等溪流域。代表性魚類爲台東間爬岩鰍Hemimyzon taitungensis。（二）南部地區：包括中央山脈以西，濁水溪（不含）以南之曾文、高屏溪流域，代表性魚類爲中間鳅鮀Gobiobotia intermedia。（三）北、中部地區：包括中央山脈以西，溪水溪以北之區城。本區域可再分爲二個亞區：（1）北部地區：包括蘭陽溪、溪水河、頭前溪、後龍溪等流城。代表性魚類有扁圓吻鯝Distoechodon compressus，大眼華鯿Sinibrama macrops，台灣黃鯝魚Rasborinus formosanae，橙色黃顙魚Pseudobagrus aurantiacus，長黃顙魚P. tenuis，紅鮰Leiobagrus reini，棘鰍Macrognathus aculeatum，小林氏棘鰍M. kobayshii截尾鮠Leiocassis truncatus，和短吻鎌柄魚Abbotina brevirostris.（2）中部地區：包括大安溪、大甲溪、大肚溪和濁水溪等流城。代表性的魚類有台灣鱒Oncorhynchus masou formosanum，日月潭鮠Leiocassis brevianalis，粗唇鮠L. crassilabris，南投鮰Leiobagrus nantoeensis，台灣鮰L. formosanus，陳氏鰍鮀Gobiobotia cheni和台灣白魚Pararasbora moltrechtii。本島的魚類分佈很明顯地有由南北兩端往中部地區逐漸分佈的現象，中部地區則成爲南、北兩區魚類的分佈過度地帶。