- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on the Biting Midges of the Subgenus Lasiohelea, Genus Forcipomyia from Taiwan
臺灣鋏蠓屬蠛蠓亞屬蠓種的分類及生態研究
摘要
本報告敍述了鋏蠓屬蠛蠓亞屬的13種蠓種。有6種是新種，4種是臺灣新記錄種。這13種蠓種只有三地狹蠓（Forcipomyia anabaenae）和臺灣鋏蠓（Ftaiwana）2種確定會叮咬人。在中國大陸叮牛鋏蠓（F. pungobovis）會叮咬牛，在臺灣僅在水牛的周圍用掃網捕捉到。峨眉鋏蠓（F. emeishana）和趨光鋏蠓（F. phototropia）經發現會叮咬黑眶蟾蜍（Bufo melanosticus）而特別鋏蠓（F. propria）會叮咬金線蛙（Rana plancyi）。其他種的宿主未知。以燈光誘集到的蠓種有低飛鋏蠓（F. humilavolita），蘭嶼鋏蠓（F. lanyuensis, n. sp.），趨光鋏蠓和臺灣鋏蠓。有些種幼蟲寄生於苔蘚植物，如毛錢苔（Dumortiers hirsuta），立蘚（Atrichum sp.），立扁蘚（Homalia sp.）。以臺北烏來地區立蘚分離而得一種藍綠藻（Anabaena flosaquae = Anabaena HA101）之純培養，作爲野外採集和實驗室飼養的蠓幼蟲之最佳食物。它特別有利於三地鋏蠓的生長。另由臺南縣龍崎鄕臺灣鋏蠓和趨光鋏蠓孳生地區土壤分離而得一種藻（Gloeocapsa sp.）可能也是這些蠓幼蟲之天然食物。
並列摘要
Thirteen species of the subgenus Lasiohelea, genus Forcipomyia, are described. Six species are treated as new to science, and four species as new to Taiwan. Of the 13 species described only two species, Forcipomyia anabaenae and F. taiwana, are definitely known to bite man. F. pungobovis known to bite cow in China mainland has been collected only through sweep catch around a buffalo in Taiwan. F. emeishana and F. phototropia were found to bite the toad, Bufo melanosticus and F. propria to bite the frog, Rana plancyi. The hosts of the remaining species are unknown. The species attracted to light traps are F. humilavolita, F. lanyuensis, n. sp., F. phototropia and F. taiwana. The immature stages of some species were found resting on liverwort and moss such as Dumortiera hirsuta, Atrichum sp. and Homalia sp., very likely feeding on the algae grown on them. A blue-green alga, Anabaena flosaquae (= Anabaena HA101) was isolated from Atrichum sp. from Wulai, Taipei. A pure culture of Anabaena HA101 has been successfully used as food for rearing the immature stage of the field collected and laboratory materials. It is especially beneficial to F. anabaenae. Another alga, Gloeocapsa sp. was isolated from the soil material from the breeding ground of F. taiwana and F. phototropia in Lungchi, Tainan. It may constitute a natural larval food.