- 期刊
社區中高齡鄰里志工照護服務意願及其服務項目之初探
Older Neighborhood Volunteers for Community Care Service: A Preliminary Study on Willingness of Participation and Preferred Service Items
摘要
目的：台灣人口老化速度位居全球第二，尤其是出生率低，變成「高齡少子化」，更是當前國家與社會必須面臨的重要挑戰。勞動力與預期可支配資源減少，以現有醫療照顧模式，推估未來醫療照護費用將巨幅增加。「活躍老化」是減少醫療照護支出，讓健康老人能社會參與協助勞動人力的解決方案。為妥善因應人口老化帶來的挑戰，中高齡者本身扮演積極參與的角色是至為重要關鍵。本研究探討願意擔任中高齡鄰里照護志工的背景特徵及願意提供照護服務的項目，作為日後招募的基本條件，更能提升訓練後可發揮社區鄰里的守望相助。方法：本研究為一描述性研究設計，問卷調查法進行，取樣條件與場所是在老人住宅（北部某老人養生村）擔任志工服務者，本研究工具使用「鄰里志工參與社區照顧服務與持續服務意願及滿意度問卷」修改版，共發出30份問卷，有效回收率達100%，資料以描述性統計分析。結果：顯示中鄰里志工服務者仍以女性居多（73.3%），年齡以高齡者居多，其中65歲以上者佔80.0%；教育程度偏高，高中（職）及大學（專）各40%；由軍、公、教、商的職場退休者共73.3%，家管者僅有8位（26.7%）。且超過半數均為經濟狀況良好者。工作志意願排序佔最高者為「社會福利、衛教宣導服務」：與社區醫院、健康中心合作，指導長者正確量血壓血糖，並提供飲食衛教」佔86.67%、其次依序為「電話問安：針對獨居、年長者或弱勢家庭每週打電話噓寒問暖，給予個案關懷」及「教學活動」。而在選項上最低的有「家事服務」：服務內容包含客廳及房間打掃、浴室清潔及乾燥、廚房油污清潔等」及「環保志工」：協助鄰里社區街道清潔，回收服務，各佔10%。結論：中高齡志工對服務意願的認同度高，滿意度亦高；但要擔任中高齡鄰里照護志工則不同，參與若要真正進入居家，對亞健康、行動不便者、或超高齡者，招募時應先考量其背景、喜好、興趣、有意願照顧別人及提供家事服者等各項人格特質。有在居家做家事，照顧家人者似乎較容易適應鄰里照護志工的工作。否則鄰里照護課程訓練實習完畢還是有可能停留在到社區醫院、健康中心去做衛教宣導及電話問安等，無法真正解決社區核心小家庭或獨居老人的照護人力短缺的需求。
並列摘要
Objective: Rapid aging presents one of the most challenging issues in Taiwan, and "active aging" has been proposed to help address the human resources shortage in elderly care and reduce medical care expenditure by encouraging healthy older individuals to volunteer for social services. The study explored the willingness to participate and preferred service items of older neighborhood volunteers for community care service. Method: Based on a descriptive research design, the study surveyed neighborhood volunteers at an elderly residential home (Silver Village) in northern Taiwan. A total of 30 questionnaires were issued with a 100% effective response rate, and data were examined by descriptive statistical analysis. Result: The results showed that most of the surveyed older neighborhood volunteers were female (73.3%) and over 65 years old (80%). Over half of them were financially secure. The highest-ranking preferred service item (86.67%) was "Promoting social welfare and health care education: Working with community hospital and health center to help elderly residents correctly measure blood pressure and blood sugar and practice healthy eating." On the other hand, "Housekeeping Service: Cleaning living room, bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen" and "Environmental volunteering: Cleaning community streets and assisting in recycling" were the lowest-ranking service items (each accounting for 10%). Conclusion: As indicated above, while their overall willingness was high, the surveyed older neighborhood volunteers had their own preferred service items. Careful consideration of a volunteer's background, interest, and experience is necessary to recruit volunteers willing and able to care for sub-healthy, mobility-impaired older adults living alone by providing home services. People with housekeeping experience seem to adapt to domestic work more efficiently and are, therefore, more capable of meeting the daily needs of the residents at nursing homes. Otherwise, older neighborhood volunteers may be unable to help solve the human resources shortage in community elderly care.