- 期刊
STRATIFICATION IN COMPARATIVE DIALECTAL GRAMMAR: A Case in Southern Min
方言比較語法的層次問題：閩南話一例
摘要
The present paper explores the problem of linguistic stratification in syntax by presenting the case of V-not-V question forms in Southern Min as seen in several colloquial Southern Min documents from different historical periods-The Litchi (Mirror) Tale, The Golden Flower Girl, Su Liu-niang and The Schoolmate and Zither Book-as well as in the contemporary Yilan dialect of Taiwan and the Shantou dialect of Guangdong. Our conclusion is that there are at least three different strata of this syntactic form in Southern Min: a premodern colloquial stratum with the form 可/豈 VP-NEG from which may have sprung the modern colloquial ADV-VP form, a standard Southern Min stratum with the form VP-NEG which span several centuries and still survive to this day and a non-native stratum in the form of VP-NEG-VP as a result of contact with Northern dialects. In this new light of syntactic stratification, we can understand why more than one syntactic form exists in Southern Min as equivalents to the V-not-V question form and still support Professor Zhu Dexi's general claim that the two major types of V-not-V question forms are mutually exclusive in distribution among the dialects, although we may think that perhaps there are three, instead of two such major types. What is of paramount interest is that similar kinds of interrogative structures not only exist in other Sino-Tibetan languages and neighboring non-Sino-Tibetan languages, but also seem to indicate the same type of complementary distribution. It will be of immense typological significance to investigate further into the problems of the origination and diffusion of these question types. Then, the problem of syntactic stratification of not only Southern Min dialects or the Chinese dialects but the Sino-Tibetan languages will then come to light.
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
本文以閩南話的反複問句為例，從歷時及共時的層次問題。在分析了這種問句在明清時代的四種戲曲（荔枝記，金花女，蘇六娘，同窗琴書記）和現代台灣的宜蘭方言及廣東的汕頭方言以後，我們的結論是：反複問句在閩南方言至少有三個層次－口語層次，標準閩南話層次，北方話層次。建立了層次的觀念以後就不難了解為什麼反複問句在閩南話包括不止一種結構，同時也可以正實朱德熙先生所出的兩種反複問句句型的互補關係。更有意思的是，反複問句的幾種句型不但存在於其他漢藏語言，而且保持着同樣的互補關係。這個問題值得我們深入研究；如果能弄清楚這種句型的源流，演變和擴散，不但漢語方言的語法層次問題，甚至於漢藏講法層問題也可以迎刃而解了。