- 期刊
THE POST-VERBAL CONSTITUENT IN CHINESE PASSIVE FORMS
漢語被動式中的補語
摘要
Passive forms in contemporary Chinese require an obligatory post-verbal constituent, which was not required in ancient Chinese. This change has three possible explanations. The first one is the rapid development of the V-R structure. In ancient Chinese, what was needed to express a factitive meaning was the V-O structure, while today the V-R structure is the dominant one and R cannot be omitted. The second explanation is related to the aspect of passive verbs. Passive forms generally express the accomplished aspect, in which case the verb is marked by an aspectual particle. When a non-accomplished aspect verb is in the passive form, a post-verbal constituent is required in order to add the accomplished meaning. Consequently, either in the former or in the latter, the post-verbal constituent becomes indispensable. The last reason is that the R holds the key meaning in the V-R structure. Semantically speaking, V plays the role of manner circumstantial complement and R is the focus of the whole passive sentence. Thus, R is essential and cannot be deleted.
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
現代漢語中的被動式一般是需要有一個補語跟在動詞後面。這似乎已經成為一個必要的條件。而古漢語的被動式卻不需要這個成份呢。本文從三個方面來解釋這句法現象。首先是V-R式的迅速發展。古漢語表達使動式只要用V-O就可以了，而現代漢語必須用V-R式。由於被動式不僅表達被動行為，更重要的是還表達被動行為所造成的結果。因此在V-R式的影響下，R是不可缺部分。其次是被動式動詞的語態。被動式一般表達完成態。完成態動詞一般後面跟一個完成態的標記。如果遇到未完成態動詞，必需在這個動詞後面加上某個補語成份，也就是說加上完成態的意義。因此，無論是完成態動詞還是未完成態動詞，補語成份都是不可缺的。最後是V-R式的講義分析。從語義角度看，V起方式方法狀語的作用，而R反而是句義中心所在。因此R是不可缺少的。