- 期刊
AN OPTIMALITY-THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF SYLLABLE CONTRACTION IN CANTONESE
從優選理論看廣東話的音節縮減
摘要
As a departure from Cheung's (1986) rule-based study on syllable contraction in Cantonese, the present analysis employs the notion of constraint interaction in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) to solve the critical issue concerning the prediction of the output nucleus. Distinct from the sonority-oriented dialects such as Taiwanese Southern Min, Hakka, and Taiwan Mandarin, Cantonese is characterized by the determination of output nucleus by vowel length. In Optimality Theory, language variation appeals to different ranking of a set of universal constraints. This paper also illustrates that as a product of fast speech, syllable contraction may not follow language-specific phonotactic constraints.
並列摘要
本文探討廣東話的音節縮減，先是說明張(1986)的分析不能合理解釋韻核的合併，繼而藉由優選理論制約互動的觀念成功地詮釋相關語料。廣東話和其它漢語方言，諸如臺閩語、客語及臺灣國語，在音節縮減一致的地方是：聲母來自前一音節的聲母；輔音韻尾來自後一音節的輔音韻尾。而廣東話和臺閩語、客語及臺灣國語的差異表現在韻核的合併。前者倚重母音長短，後三個方言則藉由響度大小決定韻核的合併。根據優選理論，語言差異導因於一套普遍制約的不同排比。亦即韻核合併的所有制約都見於這四個漢語方言，其間的差別是母音長短的相關制約在廣東話排序高，有關響度的制約排序則低到可以被忽略；臺閩語、客語及臺灣國語的情形正好相反。此外，本文顯示音節縮減並不完全遵守共存限制。