THE TEMPORAL RELATIONS AND ASPECTS EXPRESSED BY THE PARTICLE LE IN MANDARIN CHINESE

普通话中助词“了”所表达的时间关系和时态

容新(Shin Yong Robson)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 33卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 333-365

摘要

This paper discusses the temporal relations that the particle le reflects in Mandarin sentences. While the verb suffix le_1, and the sentence final particle le_2 respectively represent the different phases of the perfective-inchoative aspectual opposition, these aspectual views predict different relations between E(vent)-time and R(eference)-time of a situation: Le_1 marks the perfective aspect of an actually occurred situation. E-time of this situation is either anterior to or included in its R-time. Le_2 indicates the inception of a newly developed state; R-time of the described situation is always included in its E-time.

關鍵字

Aspectual view ； Absolute tense ； Relative tense ； Perfective aspect ； Inchoative aspect

並列摘要

本文探讨助词“了”在普通话句中表现的时间关系。首先讨论几个基本概念，包括时态，绝对时制，相对时制，时制系统的三个时间：发话时间，事件的发生时间及参照时间的关系，以及它们在时态中的表现.本文继而分别考察动词词尾＂了_1＂和句尾助词＂了_2＂所表达的时间范围，讨论它們所表現的三个时间关系。最后推证“了”在完成和起始两个相对时态上表达不同的时间关系，因此确有＂了_1＂与＂了_2＂之分。

並列關鍵字

时态 ； 绝对时制 ； 相对时制 ； 完成态 ； 起始态