DOES CHINESE NEED TWO STRUCTURES FOR CLASSIFIERS? A CASE STUDY

中文量词真的需要两种不同的句法结构吗？案例研究

Dandan Tan(谭丹丹)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 52卷1期 (2024/01) Pp. 76-105

摘要

The syntactic structure of the classifiers in Chinese has been assumed or argued to be left-branching, right-branching or mixed. This article examines three facts-number-classfier-de, the use of duo 'extra, more' and the conditional deletion of number-which are regarded by Xuping Li (2013) as evidence for the mixed structures. It is shown that the purported facts are partial and, when more related facts are taken into consideration, they together are equally compatible with an exclusively left-branching structure and thus cannot serve as support for a mixed structure analysis. Three kinds of arguments are reviewed in the last section which fare favorably with the left-branching structure.

關鍵字

Classifier ； Duo ； De ； Numeral-deletion ； Word order typology

並列摘要

对于汉语量词的句法结构存在三类分析：左分支、右分支与左右分支共存。本文就李旭平（2013）用来支持共存分析的三个语法现象（数量词－de、数词或量词－多、量词前数词的数词省略）提出质疑：相关语料并不完整，而完整的语料与纯粹的左分支结构也完全吻合，所以并不能成为共存分析的依据。文章最后一节归纳近期文献中对左分支结构有利的三类语法现象，有些来自汉语，有些来自其他语言乃至类型学数据。

並列關鍵字

量词 ； 多 ； 的 ； 数词删除 ； 语序类型学