- 期刊
海德格尔对形而上学上帝观的批判及对基督教神学的认识
Martin Heidegger's Criticism of the God of Metaphysics and His Understanding of Christian Theology
並列摘要
Are ＂theological thinking＂ and ＂ontological thinking＂ the same ＂thing＂? Do the Being-event and the Cross-event call for the same kind of ＂thinking＂? In his remarkable analysis of the ontological difference, Heidegger clearly gives a negative answer to these questions. Being's entry into the realm of human thought and God's entry into that realm do not partake of the same ＂logics.＂ To name Being is the ＂thing＂ proper to human existence-being-to-the-world; in itself, existence is the thinking being. Quite different is God's entry into human thought; it demands that human existence be transformed and take up a new position, different from its ＂natural＂ position; hence, for Heidegger, theological thinking is at home only with faith/rebirth. Compared to metaphysical semantics, theological meaning is an additional meaning. When analysing the ontological difference, Heidegger brings to light the constitution of the onto-theo-logical, the God of metaphysics. In the process of human knowledge, being appears as universality and thus as supreme being, as first cause. However, this supreme being is but an idol, indifferent towards life; since it is only one link in the process of human knowledge, its ＂being＂ is always limited within the scope of knowledge. Accordingly, theology concludes: the difference between God and the world must not be thought out according to the difference without true transcendence that is found between Being (être) and beings (étant). The difference between God and the world cannot be known and understood from the difference between Being and beings. One must acknowledge that the difference between God and the world is the ＂reason＂ of the difference between Being and beings, not the reverse.