《使女的故事》对圣经原型意象的逆向改写

Rewriting of Biblical Archetypes in The Handmaid's Tale

王晓华(WANG Xiaohua)

《聖經文學研究》 21輯 (2020/08) Pp. 303-323

摘要

作为诺斯洛普．弗莱的学生，加拿大著名女作家玛格丽特．阿特伍德深受弗莱原型批评理论的影响。她在其小说《使女的故事》中有意运用了大量圣经原型意象，诸如使女、基列、眼睛、弥赛亚等，同时对那些意象巧妙地予以逆向改写，使之与其原初含义相去甚远，从而卓有成效地服务于小说主旨的表达。本文以弗莱的原型批评理论为切入点，对阿特伍德逆写圣经原型的策略进行分析，指出逆写并非单纯的解构与颠覆。作者拒绝把圣经当成一个能滋生固定意义的文本，并在基列国对圣经进行绝对主义确定性的解读中表达了对人类命运的思考和忧虑。

關鍵字

玛格丽特．阿特伍德 ； 诺斯洛普．弗莱 ； 《使女的故事》 ； 圣经 ； 原型意象 ； 逆向改写

並列摘要

As a student of Northrop Frye, the famous Canadian writer Margaret Atwood is deeply influenced by Frye's archetypal literary criticism. In her novel The Handmaid's Tale, she consciously uses many biblical archetypes, such as Gilead, Eye, Messiah, Handmaid. At the same time, she subtly rewrites these images so that they are far from their original meaning, but aid in expressing the main idea of the novel. Based on Frye's archetypal literary criticism, this paper analyzes Atwood's strategy of rewriting Biblical archetypes and points out that rewriting is not merely deconstruction and subversion. The author refuses to regard the Bible as a text that can produce a fixed meaning, and expresses her thoughts and anxieties about human destiny through Gilead's definitive interpretation of the Bible.

並列關鍵字

Margaret Atwood ； Northrop Frye ； The Handmaid's Tale ； the Bible ； archetype imagery ； displacement