马丁．路德的“两个国度”学说与其圣经诠释

Martin Luther's ＂Two Kingdoms＂ Doctrine and the Bible

肖剑(XIAO Jian)

《聖經文學研究》 23輯 (2021/12) Pp. 26-54

摘要

马丁．路德“两个国度”学说的提出与他对圣经的研读密不可分。“两个国度”学说的经文来源可大致划分为三个部分：《新约》中的保罗书信为此学说提供了思想来源；《创世记》提供了阐发该学说的具体例证；《诗篇》和《雅歌》注释则是对此学说的完善和补充。面对圣经文本时，路德采用了不同于早期教父及中世纪经院神学家的释经方法，强调“圣经是它自己的解释者”，同时也及时回应现实关切。他的“两个国度”理论提高了世俗国家的地位，为欧洲近代民主政治奠定了基础。

關鍵字

马丁．路德 ； “两个国度” ； 圣经

並列摘要

Martin Luther's two kingdoms doctrine is inseparable from his study of the Bible. The sources of this doctrine can be roughly divided into three parts: Paul's epistles in the New Testament provide the original thoughts for this doctrine; Genesis provides specific examples to illustrate this doctrine; The annotations of the Psalms and the Song of Songs are the perfection and supplement to this theory. When faced with the text of the Bible, Luther adopted a different hermeneutic approach from the early church fathers and medieval scholastic theologians, emphasizing that ＂the Bible is its own interpreter＂ while responding to the social concerns of his time. His two kingdoms theory raised the status of a secular state and laid the foundation for modem European democratic politics.

並列關鍵字

Martin Luther ； Two Kingdoms ； the Bible