《希伯来圣经》著述和正典化综论

On the Composition and Canonization of the Hebrew Bible

田海华(TIAN Haihua)

《聖經文學研究》 26輯 (2023/06) Pp. 65-89

摘要

作为犹太教的圣典，《希伯来圣经》发展演化为当前的形式，经历了漫长的历史。本文探讨《希伯来圣经》早期著述的文士文化，以及经学士对圣经文本的编修，并呈现了《希伯来圣经》正典化的历史过程。在公元前2世纪，不同的犹太社群界定了自身对权威圣典的理解。在帝国阴影下诞生的哈斯蒙尼王朝，大力推广犹太教育和圣殿的仪式崇拜，这为《希伯来圣经》的正典化增添了新动力。随着第二圣殿在公元70年的覆亡，法利赛派的正典最终成为犹太教的传统正典。这一正典及其承载的圣经一神论对犹太人文化和宗教身份的建构具有重要意义。

關鍵字

《希伯来圣经》 ； 文士 ； 编修 ； 正典化 ； 犹太教

並列摘要

As the Scripture of Judaism, the Hebrew Bible has gone through a long history before evolving into its present form. This essay explores the scribal culture of the early composition of the Hebrew Bible and the redaction of the biblical texts by scribes. It also illustrates the historical process of canonization of the Hebrew Bible. In the second century BCE, different Jewish communities defined their own understandings of authoritative scriptures. The Hasmonean Dynasty, born in the shadow of empires, promoted a vigorously independent Jewish education and flourishing temple cult, which gave new impetus to the canonization of the Hebrew Bible. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the Pharisaic canon eventually became the traditional canon of Judaism, and its biblical monotheism would have great significance for constructing the cultural and religious identity of the Jewish people.

並列關鍵字

Hebrew Bible ； scribe ； redaction ； canonization ； Judaism