- 期刊
幻滅與劫毀的尋夢之旅－新時期以來長篇小說中的「桃花源記」
A Dream Quest of Disillusionment and Annihilation-Taohuayuan ji in Modern Long Novels
摘要
新時期以來多部文學作品挪用桃花源原型指涉現實，莫應豐《桃源夢》中的天外天與世隔絕，善始惡終，作者以超越性的觀照，省思追尋理想國所可能產生的悲劇，進行迂迴隱晦的現實反思；陳繼明《一人一個天堂》以痲瘋隱喻文革，藉「蝴蝶谷」顛覆桃花源的理想原型，諷刺文革期間人們心靈被改造的程度，和無處逃遁的處境；格非「烏托邦三部曲」透過花家舍同一空間歷時性的演變，描述百年來中國三大階段型態各異的桃源夢，人們在追尋和失落的宿命中輪迴，烏托邦的想望一旦實踐便要走向變質和衰亡。三部小說皆勾勒出宛如桃花源的理想空間，以及主角對桃源夢的期待追尋，然最終都失落幻滅，不僅對烏托邦理想提出反思，更隱含了對政治現實的諷諭，和台灣挪用及改寫〈桃花源記〉的作品形成微妙的對照。
並列摘要
Since the modern period, many literary works have used the archetype of Taohuayuan (literally ＂peach orchard,＂ or remote, other-worldly village) to elicit reference to current realities. Mo Yingfeng's Taoyuan meng (Peach Orchard Dream) makes use of the imagery of a sky beyond the sky, isolated from the world, where goodness begins and evil comes to an end; the author's omniscient perspective and transcendental concern allows the reflective pursuit of the tragedies that an ideal state might produce, thus carrying out a circuitous and obscure reflection on current realities. Chen Jiming's Yige ren yige tiantang (A Heaven to Each Person), uses leprosy as a metaphor for the Cultural Revolution, and invokes ＂Butterfly Valley＂ as an inverted Peach Orchard idealization, in order to satirize the degree to which people's hearts and souls were reshaped during the period of the Cultural Revloution, to the point where there was absolutely no place left to escape. Ge Fei's Wutuobang sanbuqu (Three Songs of Utopia) traces the changes in time to the space occupied by a gardener's hut to describe three great and very distinct stages in the past one hundred years of Chinese dreams of the Peach Orchard. In the fateful cycles of its pursuit and loss, even if what people imagine as utopia were one day to become reality, it would thereby suffer distortion and degradation. These three novels all sketch an ideal space as utopian as the Peach Orchard, as well as the hope and pursuit of the characters towards this ideal; but ultimately the result is loss and disillusionment. This does not only declare opposition to idealized thought of utopia, but moreover harbors ironic commentary on political realities. In this way they set up a subtle contrast with Taiwan writings that also make use of the imagery of the Story of the Peach Orchard.