葉爾欽時期俄羅斯與中華人民共和國關係：一個地緣政治的思考

2015年6月底，俄羅斯聯邦政府前總理普里馬科夫逝世。普里馬科夫在外交部長任內致力於推動俄、中戰略協作夥伴關係，其重要性有兩項。首先是將俄羅斯的外交政策轉向歐、亞平衡的亞太政策。另一個是促進俄、中的戰略關係。2022年2月24日，俄羅斯對烏克蘭展開特別軍事行動，同年3月1日，俄羅斯從遠東地區向歐、亞交界地區增兵，此舉意謂俄羅斯對中華人民共和國有相當的信任程度，才會空出戰略後方。這種程度的互信機制，緣起於葉爾欽時期兩國關係的轉變，因此探討雙邊關係的轉變有其必要性。本文研究目的即是探討前蘇聯解體後，俄、中關係的現實特徵。本文擬從地緣政治的角度，透過公開文獻剖析俄、中雙邊政治關係、經濟關係、軍售關係動因與制約因素，研究結果有助於研判俄、中雙邊互動對亞太地區的影響，並擬定相應對策。本文研究發現有以下三項，陸權國家地緣政治觀點是俄、中關係的重要基礎。葉爾欽時期雙邊關係的發展，政治關係效用遠大於經濟關係，主因是在國際政治環境，彼此需要穩固的夥伴關係。最後發現，不論是穩固的政治關係，俄、中受到歷史上的曾經衝突過往，仍會有地緣政治衝突風險。

關鍵字

地緣政治；葉爾欽；俄中關係；戰略協作夥伴關係

並列摘要

At the end of June 2015, Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov(Евгений Максимович Примаков, 1929-2015)passed away, former Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation. During his tenure as foreign minister, Primakov was committed to promoting the strategic partnership between Russia and the People's Republic of China. There are two essential aspects. The first is shifting Russia's foreign policy to an Asia-Pacific one that balances Europe and Asia. The other was to promote strategic relations between Russia and China. On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched a special military operation against Ukraine. On March 1 of the same year, Russia increased its troops from the Far East to the border between Europe and Asia. This move means Russia had considerable trust in the People's Republic of China. This degree of mutual trust mechanism originated from the transformation of the relationship between the two countries during the Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin(Борис Николаевич Ельцин, 1931-2007)period, so it is necessary to discuss the transformation of the bilateral relationship. This paper explores the natural characteristics of the relationship between Russia and China after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. From the geopolitics perspective, this article intends to analyze the causes and constraints of Russia-China bilateral political relations, economic relations, and arms sales relations through public documents. It is of great significance to properly handle regional security. The time range of this article is limited to the period from 1992 to 1999, when Yeltsin was in power, and other time ranges are beyond the scope of this article. The study of this paper finds the following three items. The geopolitical views of land power countries are an essential basis for the relationship between Russia and China. In the development of bilateral relations between the two countries during the Yeltsin period, the effectiveness of political ties was far greater than that of economic relations. The main reason was that each other needed a solid partnership in the international political environment. In the end, it was found that regardless of the stable political relationship, Russia and China still risk geopolitical conflicts due to past historical disputes.