- 期刊
培根的方法論及其哲學思想之評鑑
F. Bacon's Methodology and the Evaluation of His Philosophical Thoughts
摘要
培根認為要求得眞正的知識，不能墨守成規，重蹈過去的覆轍，必須從兩方面着手才有希望－在消極方面，首先必須清除人心的四蔽或偶像（Idols），在積極方面，要採用最適宜的「新工具」－歸納法來指導研究。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Francis Bacon (1561-1625), the first outstanding Philosopher of the Post-mediaeval Period in England, is often referred as the father of modern Philosophy, Because of his new conception, he heralded a scientific movement in the seventeenth Century and eventually brought us the modern civilization. He, vehemently attacked the English universities, for which, in his opinion, science meant at the best mere learning and at the worst mere playing with words and Obscure terms. He looked on himself, with his idea of fruitful knowledge as the herald of a new era. So indeed he was. One of Bacon's most important contributions is the concept of induction and the utilitarian view of knowledge. According to his opinion, in order to get the knowledge of the causes and motions and inner virtues, and the furthest possible extention of the limits of human dominion, man must apply a new method completely different from those then available The best demonstration is experience, he claimed, but mere experience is not enough; besides, the true induction is by no means a mere process of simple enumeration. as some empirical philosophers viewed before him. It should be a surest way to lead man to the discovery of those laws and ＂forms＂ which would increase human power, As a matter of fact, Bacon's induction, as any other newly established system, was not a Perfect one, and even often regarded as crude, and impractical. However, it did impress gpon mankind a new ideal of culture and aroused them to the importomce of extending their knowledge of nature. In other words, Bacon called upon man to pay attention to the study of nature, and ＂to turn heaven and earth to the use and welfare of mankind,＂ Because ＂man is the interpreter of nature,＂ Bacon emphasized, ＂so that he may exploit Its laws＂, ＂He is the servant of nature, so that he may establish his dominion therein.＂ ＂This has become the distinct mark of our own culture. However, there has been a tendency to depreciate Bacon's place in history, There are Four reasons to criticize the deficiencies of his doctrine. Firstly, Bacon failed to realize the importance of mathematics in science study. Secondly, his use of Aristotelian terminology (such as metaphysics, magic, form, etc.) is easily to be misunderstood that he was simply continuing aristotelian doctrine Thirdly, his approach to new scientific method is insufficient. Everyone who heeds its precept he convinced will be master of nature's secrets. The finally reason is his personal moral defects and his political downfall.