Plant composition analysis technology is a method to study the chemical composition and beneficial substances in plants, which is of great significance for the development, utilization and protection of plant resources. With the progress of science and technology and people's attention to the plant composition, the plant composition analysis technology has also been continuously developed and innovated. Traditional analysis methods are tedious, time‐consuming and expensive, so people begin to explore more efficient, fast and accurate analysis techniques. The application of emerging technologies such as spectroscopy and biosensing has brought new opportunities and challenges for plant composition analysis. This paper will explore the development and innovation of plant composition analysis technology, and provide strong support for the deep exploration and utilization of plant resources.