The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasing in Taiwan and globally. It is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have become the anticoagulants of choice for preventing stroke in patients with AF. However, there are still many unanswered questions about how to optimally use these drugs in specific clinical situations. Recommendations from the 2012, 2016, and 2019 Taiwan Stroke Society (TSS) guidelines have been updated to provide new evidence to guide clinicians. The TSS Guidelines Consensus Group updated the guideline after a systematic review and in-depth discussion. This guideline is based on the data of the Taiwanese and Asian populations and the recent guidelines of the European Heart Rhythm Association, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society.