Cognitive structure is represented by semantic structure, which is embodied by linguistic structure. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the discourse forms expressing these cognitive relationships in the study of metaphor. Through the basic research on the metaphor phenomenon in Uygur language, this paper classifies the basic types of metaphor in Uygur language from the syntactic level and lexical level, and gives a cognitive explanation. The author also makes a comprehensive study of spatial metaphor and Emotional Metaphor in Uygur language by using conceptual metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics, explains the significance of metaphorical cognitive model and metonymic cognitive model in utterance expression, and probes into the cognitive experience basis of the existence of various forms of metaphorical expression.