With the rapid development of international trade and shipping technology, harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens contained in ballast water have increasingly become a major threat to global environmental and resource security and human health. MARPOL Convention is introduced, the evolution of the Convention with years, and the requirements for the control and management of ship ballast water are put forward. In addition, with the increasing attention to the ecological problems caused by the invasion of alien species brought by ballast water, ship ballast water treatment technology has been focused and developed by relevant industries and scholars at home and abroad, ballast Water treatment technology is also developing. This paper studies the treatment technology of ship ballast water at home and abroad, and analyzes its present situation.