Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a wireless carrier communication technology that combines positioning and communication with a frequency bandwidth of more than 1GHz, and Phase Difference of Arrival (PDOA) is a kind of distance measurement algorithm that finds the distance between a reference point and an unknown point by measuring the phase difference of the same signal arriving at different antennas. Azimuth ranging algorithm. In this paper, the azimuthal ranging system based on UWB PDOA technology can realize accurate positioning within 15 cm under the premise of short-range low-power consumption, and this paper mainly investigates the algorithm derivation, the base station design and the embedded program development in three parts, and the work done mainly includes: (1) Referring to the existing positioning system scheme based on time algorithm, we make optimization to verify the feasibility of this system design scheme for the insufficient part of the original phase difference positioning system. (2) Study the parameters and deployment of the array antenna and the performance indexes and influencing factors of the PDOA azimuthal ranging algorithm, and integrate the antenna layout design suitable for the system. (3) In promoting the process of the subject, the feasibility of the program plan is verified by comparing the test data of dual-antenna base station and four-antenna base station, the test data of four-antenna base station before and after filtering, and the effect of different orientation of the tag on the base station.