Since the New Deal of the late Qing dynasty, the importance of cultural relics as an important bearer of the national spirit and the heritage of civilization has gradually become more important with the enlightenment of civilization for benevolent scholars, government officials and others. In the late Qing dynasty, the government put cultural affairs under the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of civil affairs. Although the ministry of Education was the education department, it made a significant contribution to the preservation of cultural heritage, including the opening of the Cun‐gu Academy, the rescue of documentary heritage and the establishment of the Beijing library. It has played an indelible role in the establishment and development of the modern heritage conservation system.