支援前線：明代天津巡撫職權之研究

巡撫官制首見於明代，原為臨時派遣之任務，宣德以後巡撫逐漸從一種任務指派演變為常設官職。本文嘗試以天津巡撫為研究主軸，分析其創設及職權演變，以了解此一官職所設定的角色功能，並藉此評估其所發揮的成效。綜觀天津巡撫之設置與職權之演變，明朝君臣考量天津地位險要，多從軍事層面進行決策，賦予備兵海防、海運軍糧等職責。在此思維下，天津遂成為明朝支援東北前線的後勤基地，天津巡撫成了遼東明軍的後勤官。

關鍵字

天津巡撫；備兵防海；兼理糧餉

並列摘要

Provincial governor (Xun-fu) originated in Ming Dynasty and was a temporarily assigned position. After the regime of Xuande Emperor, provincial governor became a permanently official position in Chinese administration system. This article aims to take Tianjin provincial governor as an example to shed the light on the establishment and duty transformation of the provincial governor in order to assess its effects on Ming Dynasty. This article shows that Ming government usually took the perspectives of geography, military strategy, and economy into its consideration when it governed Tianjin. In this context, Tianjin became the logistics base for supporting the front line in Northeast China during wartime in Ming Dynasty and Tianjin provincial governor also served as the director of military logistics.