论泰国与中国在鬼信仰文化中的“鬼”

Spirits and Beliefs between Thai and Chinese culture

钟懋海(Maohai Zhong) ； Threesoon Kesorn ； Chanachok Sudprasert

《The 2nd China-ASEAN International Conference 2020 & The 2nd International Conference on Tourism, Business, & Social Sciences 2020:Insight to China and ASEAN's Wellness, Tourism, & Innovation》 2020 (2020/04) Pp. 650-659

https://doi.org/10.6947/caicictbs.202004.0060

摘要

本文在语言文化上进行分析研究，旨在让泰语和汉语系统的使用者能够对泰中两国的民间信仰和文化有所了解。目的：为了归类和分析泰语和汉语当中为鬼取名的方法；为了研究泰国人与中国人民间信仰当中的“鬼”，并研究类型属于描述性研究。研究发现泰国为鬼命名的方式当中，用故事传说中起名方式的鬼名字数量最多，从造词方面分析泰国鬼名字的结构发现，鬼名字组成结构分为单纯词、合成词、和舶来词。中国为鬼命名的方式当中，用外形特点起名方式的鬼名字数量最多。从造词方面分析中国鬼名字的结构发现，鬼名字组成结构分为单纯词、合成词。在分析中泰两国的“鬼信仰文化”时，发现8个同样的要素，即：鬼有神力，拥有人类没有的超能力；鬼可以造福于人，也可以祸害于人；鬼必须有安身之处；鬼必须吃东西；鬼能够控制人的行为；鬼的外形令人害怕；鬼分等级；人可以触碰鬼。

關鍵字

鬼 ； 鬼名字 ； 鬼信仰 ； 中文 ； 泰文

並列摘要

This research is a study of language and culture in order to create an understanding of thinking systems, beliefs and cultures of Thai and Chinese people. The objectives of the study were : 1) to classify and analyze the methods of naming ghosts in Thai and Chinese, 2) to study the ＂ghosts＂ in the belief between Thais and Chinese . This study is a documentary research. The results of the study were as follows : 1) The origin of the name of Thai ghost comes from myths, beliefs, or folk tales the most , in case of the structure of ghost names is divided into simple words, compound words, and exotic words, 2) Chinese ghosts name based on their appearance is the largest, the structure of Chinese ghost names is divided into simple words and compound words , 3) The analysis of beliefs about ghosts in Thai and Chinese cultures found 8 points : ghosts have divine power and are higher than humans; ghosts can be artificial blessings or harm people; ghosts must have shelter; ghosts must eat; ghosts can control human; ghosts are frightening; ghosts have classes; people can touch ghosts.