- 期刊
19世纪末马新方言文献中马来语音节末尾流音-r、-l的对音－兼论中古汉语入声弱化问题
Transliteration of Malay Words ending in ＂r＂ and ＂I＂ in Chinese Dialect Documents of the Late Nineteenth Century-with Some Notes Concerning the Ru-tone Reduction in Middle Chinese
摘要
马新19世纪末至20世纪初的方言对音文献，如《华夷通语》、《马拉语粤音译义》与《正客音译木来由话》，都较规律性地以入声字对译马来语的音节末尾流音-r、-l。这种规律体现了闽粤客方言在马来语对音上要求的高度准确性，即方言中所没有的音节末尾流音必须在对音字上表现出来，于是就以入声字对译，以区别于非流音末尾的音节。这个现象，罗常培等人在整理中古梵汉、藏汉对音材料时也提出过，而且得出了汉语入声弱化为-r的结论。我们以马新方言对音材料为证，重新思考入声对译-r、-l尾音的问题，提出这种对音现象并非入声弱化的结果，而是对音上要求区别带末尾流音与不带末尾流音音节需要的做法，是自来对汉外对音准确度要求的体现。
並列摘要
Malay documents translated into Chinese dialects such as Huayi Tongyu, Malayu Yuyin Yiyi, Zheng Ke Yinyi Mulayou Hua uniformly transliterate words ending in ＂r＂ and ＂l＂ by using Ru-tone characters. This manner of transliteration reflects the need for accuracy when rendering Malay words into the Min, Cantonese, and Hakka dialects. As syllables ending in ＂r＂ and ＂l＂ are non-existent in these dialects, the solution was to use the nearest equivalents that were found in Ru-tone characters. This pattern was in fact observed much earlier by Luo Changpei and others during their studies in Sino-Sanskrit and Sino-Tibetan transliteration materials, from which the use of Ru-tone reduction to -r was proposed. This paper advocates, as evident in these Malaysian-Singaporean Chinese dialect transliteration materials, that this pattern was not a result of Ru-tone reduction, but was in fact a pattern arising from the required accuracy in foreign word transliteration, which in this case is a distinction between syllables with or without ending in -r and -l.