- 期刊
中国广州的非洲移民与当地居民的跨种族互动
Interracial Interactions between African Migrants and Local Residents in Guangzhou, China
摘要
对于非洲人而言，广州是充满创业机会的移民门户城市。与传统意义上的国际移民不同，在广州的非洲人大多是持临时签证或非法居留的暂居者，多为白手起家的中小企业家和商人。他们与当地居民住在同一社区，与中国的中小企业家和个体商户以面对面的原始方式进行商贸活动，而他们在生意来往中所接触的中国人大多是没有广州户口的国内移民。非洲人与中国人在当地市场和居民社区的频繁接触和多方位互动所形成的复杂关系对研究种族问题提供了难得的机会，对于超越经典的非黑即白的二元种族理论和少数族裔创业理论也提供了新的实证依据。在本文中，我们通过深入访谈与实地观察，聚焦于研究影响跨种族互动和种族关系动因与结果。我们的研究表明，非洲人与中国人的跨种族互动在经济层面上呈现相互依赖以及和谐与冲突相互平衡的功利关系，而在社会和文化层面上的种族关系则更是复杂，充满矛盾。然而，跨种族互动形成了很多相互交织的社会位置和身份认同，创造了超越种族、阶级和移民身份的合作空间。
並列摘要
For Africans, Guangzhou is China's southern gateway city that is full of entrepreneurial opportunities. Unlike the international migrant in the traditional sense, Africans in Guangzhou are mostly sojourners who are either temporary visa holders or visa overstayers. These international migrants are independent merchants doing business with Chinese entrepreneurs who are mostly internal migrants without a Guangzhou hukou. The international and internal migrants are not only doing business with one another but also live in the same neighbourhoods amongst local residents with Guangzhou hukou. The encounter of a racially different group of foreigners along with a socially marginalized group of internal migrants at the local level offers an opportunity to explore the concepts of ＂the other＂ and race beyond the classic outsider-insider, foreigner-native, or black-white binaries. This study focuses on exploring the causes and consequences of intergroup relations between African and Chinese merchants. Based on in-depth interviews and systematic field observations, we find that interactions between Africans and Chinese are economically interdependent and are a sociocultural contentious process. These processes shape a myriad of intersecting identities and create room for cooperation that transcends race, class, and migrant status.