- 期刊
中国社区嵌入式养老服务探究－以南京市区域统括1+N模式为例
Embedded Elderly Care Services in Communities in China: A Case Study on 1+N District Integrated Model in Nanjing City
摘要
现今中国社会的养老话题经常围绕在载体不足、照护人力资源不足、老年人购买的意愿和能力不足、养老机构资源分配不均、居家与社区养老服务存在缺陷、养老机构治理机制效率低下等等问题，导致养老服务供给效率不高。因此，社区养老便在这乱局中被重新重视，并调整及资源再整合成一种符合中国社会结构的新型社区嵌入式养老模式。它是一种强调以社区为依托，在居家养老、社区养老和机构养老的基础上，将三者优势与资源嵌入在社区，并且利用社区的各种资源，以不脱离老人熟悉的生活环境，具体落实就地安养。南京的社区嵌入式养老在2015年萌芽，打造“一碗汤的距离”的微型养老机构，指的是从家里煮好一碗汤端到养老机构给老人喝时，那碗汤还没有变凉，突显近距离养老服务的特色。南京地方政府为了更加完善社区居家养老服务运行模式，高度重视社区养老类的社会组织培育力度，积极引导社会参与，并着重在以政府购买服务的方式整合社会资源。本研究实地考察了一些南京社区嵌入型的养老服务供给现况，发现当中有一个组织提出了区域统括1+N的资源整合模式，并在实践中取得一些成效。因此，本研究采取案例研究与二手资料分析的方法，实地考察与焦点访谈的方式进一步探索这模式的内容、运行机制、监督管理，从而探讨当中的优劣势与实践问题。
並列摘要
Today in China, the topic of elderly care often revolves around the problems of lack of carers and human resources, lack of willingness and abilities of the elderly to purchase care services, the uneven distribution of resources in elderly care institutions, the defects in living conditions and community elder care services, the inefficient management of elderly care institutions, etc., that resulted in the low efficiency of the elderly care services. Therefore, in this chaotic state, the value of community elder care has been reconsidered and readjusted, resources have been reintegrated into a new embedded community elderly care model that conforms to China's social structure. The model of embedded elderly care services emphasizes the reliance on communities, with the advantages and resources of home care, community care, and institution care services embedded into the community, while using various resources of the community without separating the elderly from their familiar living environment to provide necessary care services. In Nanjing, the embedded elderly care services appeared in 2015 that was followed by the establishment of micro elderly care institutions using the "distance of a bowl of soup" mechanism. The "distance of a bowl of soup" mechanism emphasizes the characteristics of short distance care services: between the time a soup is being cooked at home and served to elders in a care center, the soup will not have cooled down. In order to improve the operational model of community home-based elderly care services, the Nanjing local government attaches great importance to the cultivation of social organizations for the elders in communities by actively guiding the community to take part in the provision of services, while also focus on integrating social resources into the eldercare system by purchasing those resources. This study investigates how embedded elderly care services are provided today in several communities in Nanjing. It has been found that one organization proposed a 1+N district integrated model and has already achieved some results. Therefore, this paper, in the form of a case study, uses secondary data analysis, direct observations, and interview methods to further explore the content of the model, its operation, supervision, and management mechanisms, so as to study advantages, disadvantages, and practical issues of the models.