- 期刊
19世纪柔佛麻坡椒蜜业的兴起与华人社会的形成
The Emergence of Gambier and Pepper Plantations and the Development of Chinese Society of Muar in 19th-Century
摘要
麻坡（Muar）是马来西亚柔佛州（Johor）北部的一个重要县市，亦是柔佛州的第二大城市。尽管麻坡开埠的时间较晚，但麻坡的发展却迅速赶上并超越了柔佛其他地区，成为一个重要的城镇。麻坡的快速崛起与甘蜜（Gambier）和胡椒（Pepper）种植有密切的关系。这两项重要经济作物吸引了大量华人移民来到麻坡。港主制度（Kangchu System）的实施促进了椒蜜种植业的迅速发展，同时带来了人口的激增，麻坡也因此形成了一个成熟的华人社会，并由甲必丹（Kapitan）进行管理。以往对柔佛椒蜜业发展的研究多侧重于单一文献或以人物为研究中心，难以全面了解椒蜜港区的整体发展情况。本文旨在从港脚个案的角度，重新审视19世纪椒蜜种植业的港区运作，以及华人社会的兴起与椒蜜业的关系。通过查阅档案文件、中西报章和19世纪的西方文献，本文将梳理麻坡的开埠历史、港区发展情况以及当地华人社会的形成过程。
並列摘要
Muar, located in the northern part of Johor, Malaysia, is an important district town and the second largest city in Johor. Despite its relatively late establishment, Muar's development quickly accelerated, surpassing other regions in Johor to become a significant urban centre. The rapid rise of Muar is closely tied to the cultivation of gambier and pepper, two key economic crops that attracted a large influx of Chinese immigrants to the area. The implementation of the Kangchu system facilitated the swift expansion of these plantations, leading to a surge in population and the formation of a well-established Chinese community which was managed by a Kapitan. Previous studies on the development of Johor's gambier and pepper industries have often focused on singular sources or specific individuals, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the broader development of the plantation districts. This paper aims to re-examine the operations of the plantation districts in the 19th century from the perspective of specific case studies, particularly focusing on the relationship between the rise of the Chinese community and the gambier and pepper industries. By consulting archival documents, both Chinese and Western newspapers, and 19th-century Western literature, this paper will trace the history of Muar's establishment, the development of its plantation districts, and the formation of Chinese society.