- 期刊
论1889－1892年瘟疫大流行与伊朗社会抗议运动
The Epidemic from 1889 to 1892 and the Social Protest Movement in Iran
摘要
1889－1892年伊朗恺加王朝统治后期暴发了一次全国性的传染病疫情。这次疫情表现出输入型与本土型多种烈性疫病相互交替、叠加暴发的特点，造成了极高的感染率和病亡率。此次疫情全国性大流行是伊朗对外商贸及人员往来密切、恺加王朝治疫举措成效不显著、城市人口快速增长及其生存环境恶劣、对瘟疫缺乏科学认知等多重因素的结果。疫情期间伊朗国内还爆发了大规模的抗议运动，这并非是历史的巧合，伊朗民族主义者将殖民者和宗教少数派污名为瘟疫传播者，进而为其发动抗议运动提供了绝佳的历史契机。在抗议运动中不仅神职人员和世俗知识分子的领导力和影响力得到空前提高，而且伊朗社会也形成了反对恺加王朝和外国殖民势力的民族觉醒氛围，从而为1906年宪政革命的爆发奠定了良好的基础。
並列摘要
A nationwide epidemic broke out from 1889 to 1892 in the late period of Iran's Qajar dynasty. It showed the characteristics of alternating and overlapping outbreaks of imported and indigenous severe diseases, resulting in a very high infection rate and mortality. The nationwide pandemic resulted from the following factors, namely the business and personnel communication between Iran and the outside world, the ineffective measures taken by the Qajar dynasty, the rapid growth of the urban population and its poor living environment, and the lack of scientific understanding of the plague. It was not a historical coincidence that a large-scale protest movement broke out in Iran during the outbreak of the epidemic. Instead, Iranian nationalists stigmatized the colonists and religious minorities as plague spreaders, which provided an excellent historical opportunity for them to launch the protest movement. During the protest movement, not only the leadership and influence of clergy and secular intellectuals had been unprecedentedly improved, but the entire society has also formed a national awakening atmosphere against the Qajar Dynasty and colonial forces, which laid a good foundation for the outbreak of the constitutional revolution in 1906.