拯救布雷顿森林体系：战后美国推动西欧国际货币合作的困境、妥协与实现

Saving the Bretton Woods System: The Dilemma, Compromise and Realization of American Promotion of Western European International Monetary Cooperation after World War Ⅱ

李黎明(LI Li-ming)

《史学集刊》 212期 (2024/05) Pp. 61-72

摘要

二战后欧洲出现的严重经济困难和“美元荒”问题，成为美国在西欧确立布雷顿森林体系的现实障碍。在冷战爆发的背景下，为拯救布雷顿森林体系，美国在马歇尔计划的制订过程中做出妥协与让步，淡化了经济援助与西欧国际货币合作目标之间的关系。在马歇尔计划实施后，美国通过经济合作署严格控制西欧国家对美元援助的使用，强化了对西欧国家的经济干预能力，并通过建立欧洲支付联盟，逐步主导西欧国际货币合作进程，最终在西欧地区确立了布雷顿森林体系。上述历史过程在一定程度上反映出美元霸权具有协商性的一面。

關鍵字

马歇尔计划 ； 布雷顿森林体系 ； 西欧国际货币合作 ； 美元霸权

並列摘要

The severe economic difficulties and "dollar shortage" that emerged after World War II were obstacles to the establishment of the Bretton Woods system in Western Europe. In the context of the outbreak of the Cold War, the United States made compromises and concessions in the formulation of the Marshall Plan and downplayed the relationship between economic aid and the goal of international monetary cooperation in Western Europe in order to save the Bretton Woods system. After the implementation of the Marshall Plan, through the Economic Cooperation Agency, the United States strictly controlled the use of dollars in aid to Western European countries, thereby strengthening its ability to intervene in Western Europe's economy, and gradually dominated Western European international monetary cooperation through the establishment of the European Payment Union, and finally established the Bretton Woods system in Western Europe. To a certain extent, the above historical process reflects the consultative nature of the US dollar's hegemony.

並列關鍵字

The Marshall Plan ； Bretton Woods System ； international monetary cooperation ； dollar hegemony