19世纪英国霍乱地图及其意义

Cholera Map of England and Its Meaning in the 19th Century

赵秀荣(ZHAO Xiu-rong)

《史学集刊》 217期 (2025/03) Pp. 51-60

摘要

19世纪30年代，随着霍乱在英国的流行，霍乱地图随之诞生。霍乱地图的出现，是英国制图技术进步、人口统计学发展、登记总署建立与人们对“可见性”痴迷的结果。19世纪中叶，托马斯．沙普特、奥古斯都．彼得曼、亨利．阿克兰及约翰．斯诺绘制的霍乱地图较具代表性。这一时期的霍乱地图具有空间性、可视性和专业性的特点，对公共健康、医学地理学及地图绘制技术的发展意义重大。与此同时，霍乱地图经常被作为当时流行的瘴气论的依据，具有时代局限性。

關鍵字

英国 ； 霍乱地图 ； 传染病 ； 医疗社会史

並列摘要

Cholera maps appeared in the 1830s as the epidemic spread in Britain. It was the result of the development of British cartography and demography, the establishment of the Register-General and people's interests with "visibility" of disease during this period. In the mid-19th century, cholera maps made by Thomas Shapter, Augustus Petermann, Henry Ackland and John Snow were all products of their time. Examining these cholera maps of this period, all have the same characteristics of spatiality, visibility, and practicality, and were of great significance to medical geography, public health, and subsequent development of mapping. At the same time, cholera maps were often the basis for the alternative miasma theories and had the same limitations of that period.

並列關鍵字

England ； Cholera Map ； infectious disease ； social history of medicine