Correctly understanding and properly handling the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is the important strategic objective in the 21st to achieve Chinese modernization. This paper takes nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin as research objects, constructs an index system from the high-quality development system, and discusses the development degree of the high-quality system with the help of comprehensive evaluation, the contribution degree and obstacle degree model. The results show that: the difference of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is relatively large, but the difference has a narrowing trend. Therefore, in the future, all regions should pay more attention to the coordinated development of the Yellow River Basin and strive to improve the high quality in the level of comprehensive development.