How to reduce the CWB has always been an important issue of human resource management practices, the existing research thought of high performance work system to employees behavior has a certain inhibitory effect on the production, but the effect is not ideal, the reason is that employees the attribution of the implementation of high performance work system, high performance work systems performance attribution to employee no significant inhibition against production behavior, or even inspire staff's production behavior. Based on the theory of resource conservation, this paper constructs a conceptual model of the effect of performance attribution of high performance work system on employees' counterproductive work behaviors with the labor union as the regulating variable, and verifies the relevant assumptions with the structural equation model based on the data of 264 employees from Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places. The results show that the performance attribution of high performance work system can significantly increase employees' counterproductive work behaviors, and the union practice plays a moderating role between the performance attribution of high performance work system and CWB. Lastly, the conclusion not only provides a new way to reduce employees' counterproductive behavior, but also provides practical guidance for enterprises impulses the construction of harmonious labor relations.