In this paper, aiming at the selection of the optimal path through the desert, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path plan for each level map, and the node-type simplified map is used to display each level. At the same time, the relevant schemes are set according to the conditions and maps in each level, and the linear programming is used to continuously simulate and back-substitute each scheme. With the help of the running results of MATLAB and Python, the analysis and comparison are carried, and the optimal path planning of checkpoints is given on this basis.