Food safety is an important issue facing all countries in the world. Food safety risks, which arise from the moral hazard under the principal-agent system caused by the division of labor, can only be solved from the perspective of system design. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to design an effective system to deal with food safety risks. From the actual situation, the traditional food safety risk supervision system, with the government as the main body of supervision, is easy to lead to the problem of insufficient regulatory resources and ineffective supervision. Therefore, the concept of social co-governance system of food safety risk supervision is put forward, that is, the joint food safety supervision system of government, social organizations and consumers, and the design process and requirements of the social co-governance system of food safety risk supervision are studied, and the operable schemes and suggestions are put forward, which has certain significance for food safety risk prevention.