The digital economy has gradually become a new engine to enhance regional innovation and promote high-quality economic development. This paper explores the impact of the digital economy on regional innovation capacity based on panel data of 30 provinces across China from 2012 to 2018. The research results show that the digital economy can promote regional innovation capacity. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of the digital economy on the enhancement of regional innovation capacity differs in the eastern, central and western regions, and the effect of the digital economy on the enhancement of regional innovation capacity is more significant in the eastern region. Further analysis shows that there is an obvious single-threshold effect of the level of infrastructure construction on the impact of digital economy development on regional innovation capacity, and the positive impact of the digital economy on regional innovation capacity gradually increases as the level of infrastructure construction development rises in stages.