Self-efficacy is an assessment of an individual's confidence and ability to perform a specific task. This paper reviews the existing literature on self-efficacy by synthesising and analysing it in terms of theoretical frameworks, measurement tools, and influencing factors. The results show that self-efficacy has an important impact on individuals' learning, work, and health. However, there are some shortcomings in the research on self-efficacy in different fields, which need to be further strengthened.