台灣牧草種原保存之回顧及展望

Review and outlook on conservation of forage germplasms in Taiwan

蕭素碧(Sue-Pea Shaug) ； 林正斌(Jing-Bin Lin) ； 許進德(Chin-Te Hsu) ； 許褔星(Fu-Hsin Hsu) ； 羅國棟(Kuo-Duhng Lo)

《畜產研究》 41卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 99-108

摘要

牧草種原是植物中可供草食動物芻料用的草種，經由搜集、馴化及評估後保存。保存目的在避免草種的流失及增加基因質之歧異度，以提高草種選育所要性狀之效率及於不同環境下的適應性。於民國85年本所已保存草種包括禾本科36屬54個物種260個品系，豆科28屬39個物種71個品系，而至民國96年牧草種原資料建檔保存於國家種原中心，計禾本科種原增至276品系，豆科為96品系。其中有些是本地種，大部份是國外引進者，這些種原經育種改良，育成並命名者有狼尾草台畜草一號、狼尾草台畜草二號、蘇丹草台畜草一號及尼羅草台畜草一號等供農民大面積種植，另經評估後直接供農民種植者有盤固草A254、埃及三葉草多割型卡美種及單割型大埔種及苜蓿選出中東苜蓿品系等草種，上述草種皆具高產及高品質的特性，可供草食動物芻料用。牧草草種除供芻料用外，另有些牧草地同時具有其他用途如休閒觀光、生態保護、水土保持、草皮及觀賞等，故牧草在生產、生活及生態上皆具功能性。此外，牧草種原除可提供特殊基因以改良草種外，亦兼具教學及提供國內外學術機構研究的材料，由上可知牧草種原在利用上具多樣功能，故牧草種原收集保存須持續且加強運作。

關鍵字

牧草種原 ； 保存 ； 回顧

並列摘要

Forage germplasms are form plants that can be used to feed herbivorous animals. All the forage germplasms are conserved after collecting, acclimatizing and evaluating. The objectives of conserving forage germplasms are to maintain and enlarge the diversities of genetic resources to provide the desirable traits for increasing breed efficiency. Up to 1996, forage germplasms conserved at Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Council of Agriculture were summarized as follows: Gramineae 36 genera, 54 species and 260 lines and Leguminosae 28 genera, 39 species and 71 lines. The agronomic characteristics of forage germplasms including Gramineae 276 lines and Leguminosae 96 lines were recorded and filed into Animal Genetic Resources Information Network at LRI in Tainan and into National Plant Genetic Resources Center at Agricutural Research Institute (ARI), Council of Agriculture in Taichung in 2007. Most of above-mentioned germplasms were introduced from foreign countries and some were native species. The information was useful for utilizing the forage germplasms available in Taiwan and exchanging information of plant genetic resources with foreign countries. Several cultivars (lines) were selected and released by using the germplasms as breeding materials, such as Napiergrass Taishu No.1 and No.2, Sudangrass Taishu No.1, Nilegrass Taishu No.1, Pangolagrass A254, Egyptian clover CV. Carmel (multi-cut) and Tabor (single-cut). These cultivars have made a great contributions to the dairy industry in Taiwan. Pasture is useful for ecological maintenance, soil and water conservation, tourism leisure and green turf. Besides, forage crops might be developed to produce biofuel or paper pulp. Owing to the potential of multi- functions of forages, it is important to collect and screen forage germplasms continuously to get better forage species which will meet the demands of the animal industry in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Forage germplasm ； Conservation ； Review