- 期刊
不同週齡商用黑羽土雞之屠體和肉質性狀分析
The carcass and meat quality traits analysis of commercial black-feathered Taiwan Country chicken at different ages
摘要
為瞭解不同週齡商用黑羽土雞（cockerel of black-feathered Taiwan Country chicken）之屠體與肉質性狀，本研究以商用黑羽土雞進行3批次的試驗，每批次黑羽土雞於飼養10、14、18和22週齡時，隨機各取樣5隻公雞與母雞進行屠宰和分切，並分析其屠宰率、胸肉之一般組成分、pH值、色澤、剪切值、滴水失重和蒸煮失重等項目。試驗結果顯示，10週齡黑羽土雞公雞與母雞的屠宰率雖顯著最低，但分別達84.3與83.4%，胸肉與腿肉占屠體百分比達40.2－41.5%。於14週齡後，公雞與母雞胸肉水分含量顯著降低，公雞胸肉粗蛋白質含量顯著提高，且14－22週無顯著差異，而母雞胸肉之粗脂肪含量則隨週齡增加而顯著上升。10週齡之公、母雞胸肉蒸煮失重最高（P＜0.05），於14－22週齡間無顯著差異。公、母雞胸肉之滴水失重、剪切值及色澤並未隨週齡增加而有一致趨勢。綜上，近年黑羽土雞屠宰率顯示已較提升，而胸肉品質性狀約於14週齡後趨於穩定。
並列摘要
To realize the carcass and meat qualities of commercial black-feathered Taiwan Country chicken at different ages, this experiment was conducted in three batches. In each batch, Five cockerels and five pullets were randomly selected for sampling and then slaughtered at 10, 14, 18 and 22 wk. The dressing percentage was calculated, and proximate analysis, pH value color, shear force, drip loss and cooking loss of the breast meat were analyzed. The results showed the dressing percentage was lowest for cockerels and pullets at 10 wk, reaching 84.3% and 83.4%, respectively. The percentage of breast and leg meats also ranged between 40.2 to 41.5%. At 14 wk, the moisture contents of breast meat in both cockerels and pullets significantly decreased, while the crude protein content significantly increased. Moreover, there were no significant differences between 14 to 22 wk. The crude fat content of breast meat of pullets increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). The cooking loss in breast meat of cockerels and pullets were the highest at 10 wk (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between 14 to 22 wk. Drip loss, shear force, and color of breast meat did not show a consistent trend with age. In conclusion, the dressing percentage of black-feathered Taiwan Country chickens had shown improvement in recent years, and the quality of breast meat tended to stabilize after 14 wk.