- 期刊
高溫環境對生長豬生長性能、營養分表相消化率及生理性狀之影響
Effects of high ambient temperature on the growth, nutrient apparent digestibility and physiological characteristics of growing pigs
摘要
本研究旨在探討環境溫度對生長豬生長性能、營養分表相消化率及生理性狀的影響，作為熱緊迫造成豬隻生理與生產負面影響之飼養管理參考。18頭平均體重57.2 kg之LYD雜交肉豬，公母各半，個別飼養於代謝架，並逢機分配至三環控室處理組，即低溫組（LT組，22℃）、中溫組（MT組，26℃）及高溫組（HT組，30℃）。豬隻採任食飼予含CP 15.2%，ME 3,300 kcal/kg之飼料及飲水。試驗期間14天，含適應期7天與全糞收集期7天，於收集期第3、4及5天量測定呼吸頻率及直腸溫度。代謝試驗開始及結束後，豬隻秤重後採血。結果顯示，相較於LT及MT組，HT組豬隻有顯著較差的生長性能，環境溫度不影響各組之營養分表相消化率；HT組豬隻有顯著較高的呼吸頻率及直腸溫度，亦有較低的鹼性磷酸酶、較高的肌酐酸及較低的平均紅血球體積。綜合上述，高溫環境降低生長豬的生長性能，與較低的採食量有關，高溫亦負面影響豬隻生理反應，主要在增快呼吸頻率及直腸溫度升高，可作為豬隻是否受熱緊迫之指標。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental temperature on growth, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and physiological characteristics of growing pigs, as a reference for feeding management on the negative effect of production and physiological state of pigs caused by heat stress. Eighteen heads of LYD hybrid pigs averaged at 57.2 kg comprising half male and half female, were individually raised in the metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three chamber rooms, i.e. the LT (22℃), MT (26℃), and HT (30℃) groups for metabolism experiment. The pigs were fed with CP 15.2% and ME 3,300 kcal/kg, and ad libitum water. After seven days of adaptation period followed by seven days of total collection period was carried out, the respiratory rate and rectal temperature were measured on the 3rd, 4th and 5th day of collection period. The blood was collected after weighing the bodies, before and after the experiment. The results showed that growth performance of pigs in the HT group was significantly lower than that in the LT and MT group. However, environmental temperature did not affect the apparent digestibility of nutrients. The respiratory rate and rectal temperature of pigs in the HT group were significantly higher than that in the LT and MT group. Blood parameters showed that the HT treated pigs showed lower alkaline phosphatase, higher creatinine, and lower mean cell volume (MCV) compared to the LT and MT treated pigs. In summary, high environmental temperature lowered the growth performance of growing pigs, which was related to the feed intake. High environmental temperature also negatively affected the physiological responses by increasing the respiratory rate and rectal temperature mainly, which could be an indicator for detecting the heat stress of pigs.