- 期刊
格劳秀斯在英国“清教徒革命”时期的思想影响——关于法治与个人自由的历史考察（上）
Grotius' Influence during the Puritan Revolution in England-Historical Survey of the Rule of Law and Individual Freedom (Part-1)
摘要
17世纪的英国斯图亚特王朝时代发生了两次前所未有的“革命”——“清教徒革命”和“光荣革命”，最终确立了君主立宪制，英国由此成为世界上第一个确立法治的国家。英国的这两次“革命”在很大程度上都是斯图亚特王朝交织在一起的政治冲突和宗教冲突激化的结果。近年来西方史学界许多研究成果表明，荷兰学者胡果．格劳秀斯在英国的两次“革命”期间都有过重要的思想影响，因此研究格劳秀斯学说对英国的影响具有考察法治与个人自由的历史和现实意义。虽然“清教徒革命”期间“保王党人”和“议会党人”双方都利用格劳秀斯学说为自己的立场辩解，但本文重点论述格劳秀斯对“议会党人”代表性理论家亨利．帕克、对英国共和主义代表性理论家詹姆士．哈林顿和约翰．弥尔顿的思想影响。“清教徒革命”虽然在表面上失败了，但在限制国王特权、提升议会主导作用以及改善英国国教会等方面产生了永久性结果，并为后来的“光荣革命”奠定了基础。
並列摘要
In the 17th century, two unprecedented "revolutions" took place in Stuart England-the "Puritan Revolution" and the "Glorious Revolution", which finally established a constitutional monarchy. England therefrom became the first country in the world to establish the rule of law. These two "revolutions" in England were, to a large extent, the results of the intensification of the political and religious conflicts interwoven in the Stuart dynasty. In recent years, many research results in Western historical circles have shown that the Dutch scholar Hugo Grotius had an important ideological influence on the two "revolutions" of England, so studying the theories of Grotius' influence on England has historical and practical significance for the rule of law and individual freedom. Although both the "royalists" and the "parliamentarians" used the Grotius doctrine to justify their positions during the Puritan Revolution, this article focuses on the intellectual influence of Grotius on the representative theorist Henry Parker of the "parliamentarian", and James Harrington and John Milton, the representative theorists of English republicanism. Although the Puritan Revolution failed on the surface, it had permanent consequences in restricting the prerogatives of the king, promoting the leading role of parliament and improving the Church of England, and laid the foundation for the later "Glorious Revolution".